Second Opinion: Pimples (Acne)

Second Opinion: Pimples (Acne): Your Acne Treatment is Going in Right Way ?  1.         Definition of Problem Acne or pimple is a chronic inflammatory disease of t...

Second Opinion: Pimples (Acne)

Second Opinion: Pimples (Acne): Your Acne Treatment is Going in Right Way ?  1.         Definition of Problem Acne or pimple is a chronic inflammatory disease of t...

Second Opinion: Preface

Second Opinion: Preface: Purpose of the Blog The aim of this blog is to reveal the facts underlying the treatments of disease in modern methodology. Also to wo...

Purpose of the Blog

The aim of this blog is to reveal the facts underlying the treatments of disease in modern methodology. Also to work out the scientific justification involve in the treatment with various pass and cons. To explore the various other natural potentials, if possible in other methods of treatment with scientific justification. Blog shall also go for critical analysis of various advertisements related to health concerns along with the potentialities of product and claims made by them. If possible a cheaper and better solutions shall also be presented.

Now, one can ask why to have doubt on exponentially flourishing pharma system? And answer is hidden in the question itself i.e. “exponentially flourishing”. As everyone is knowing exponential growth is ‘unnatural’ say for example, cancer. However, I have a question to ask. Have you not ever stuck on any of following thought?

“why there are many ‘U’ turns in curing methods of modern medical science?”

“why to take filter water than take additional ‘good bacteria’?

Firstly, they have advertised take “clean white flour” now they are saying taking ‘flour with wheat bran’ is more healthy

Cleaning teeth with salt could damage your gums but now selling “Does your toothpaste contain salts?”

Various other such example may be consulted in NCBI’s article

Only in last decade some  146 such reversals have been reported from various sources. 

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Second Opinion

Immunomodulations

Immunomodulation 

Alteration of immune response to a desire level according to current need of body, including immunopotentiation, immunosuppression, or induction of immunological tolerance. From a therapeutic point of view, immunomodulation refers to any process in which an immune response is altered to a desired level. Microorganisms are also capable of modulating the response of the immune system to their presence, in order to establish or consolidate an infection.

Immunotolerence 

Immunological tolerance is the failure to mount an immune response to an antigen. It can be: Natural or "self" tolerance. This is the failure (a good thing) to attack the body's own proteins and other antigens. If the immune system should respond to "self", an autoimmune disease may result.

Vaccines & immunomodulation from Dr Alok Tripathi

Hypersensitivity 
A state of altered reactivity in which the body reacts with an exaggerated immune response to what is perceived as a foreign substance.

Introduction to Hypersensitivity & Allergy from Dr Alok Tripathi

Autoimmunity 
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues. Any disease that results from such an aberrant immune response is termed an autoimmune disease

Autoimmune from Dr Alok Tripathi

Specific Immune Response

Antigens & Antibodies

Any compound/ entity, which can elicit the production of antibodies in the individual is designated as an antigen. The antigen on presenting through the MHC, to B-Cells can elicit the production of globulin glycoproteins, which can neutralise the antigen, is known as antibody.

Antibody from Dr Alok Tripathi

Lymphocytes: Main Player of Specific Immunity

Lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes of vertebrates, responsible for coordination, modulation and execution of specific cellular and humoral immunity.

T-Cell Mediated Immunity from Dr Alok Tripathi

MHC: Major Histocompatibility Complex

Antigen presenting cell will not recognise, antigen until it is not presented through MHC, is a set of cell surface proteins essential for the acquired immune system to recognise foreign molecules in vertebrates, which in turn determines histocompatibility. The main function of MHC molecules is to bind to peptide fragments derived from pathogens and display them on the cell surface for recognition by the appropriate T-cells.

MHC: Major Histocompetability Complex from Dr Alok Tripathi
Antigen Processing & Presentation

Antigen presentation describes a vital immune process. Immune cells cannot penetrate other cells, which may be infected with viruses or bacteria, and thus rely on information conveyed by fragments of intracellular components being presented on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on the cell surface. Likewise, many pathogens are too large to be recognised directly by immune cells, and must first be digested into smaller fragments that can be presented by specialised antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells and macrophages.

Antigen processing & presentation from Dr Alok Tripathi

Nonspecific Defences

There are physical, chemical, and cellular defences against invasion by viruses, bacteria, and other agents of disease. During the early stages of an infection, there is an inflammatory response

Non-Specific Immune Response from Dr Alok Tripathi

During later stages, leucocytes produce immune responses Antigen - a foreign substance which triggers an immune response Some WBC's produce antibodies in huge amounts Antibodies - substances which bind to specific antigens and tag them for destruction Other WBC's (executioner cells) directly destroy body cell

Phagocytosis: Physiology and Biochemistry from Dr Alok Tripathi

Inflammation Inflammation is a process by which the body's white blood cells and substances they produce protect us from infection with foreign organisms, such as bacteria and viruses.

Acute chronic inflammation from Dr Alok Tripathi